Engineering design example

Commercial rooftop PV design

A 74.8 kWp commercial rooftop PV concept with a defined design basis, preliminary module-to-inverter compatibility checks, monitoring points, and commissioning requirements.

Design example with representative equipment, string checks, and project-specific design considerations.

Design basis

Design assumptions and review inputs

The design basis records the assumptions the client, EPC team, and commissioning lead must review.

Input assumptions

Use caseCommercial rooftop self-consumption
MountingConcept assumption: flush-mounted rooftop array with maintenance access
Modules136 × LONGi LR5-72HPH-550M, arranged as 8 strings of 17
Inverters2 × Huawei SUN2000-30KTL-M3, 30 kW AC each
MPPT allocationFour strings per inverter, with one string on each MPPT
Grid400 V AC three-phase interconnection
OutputReview-ready concept pack, not final construction drawings

Review points

  • Confirm roof usable area and keep-out zones.
  • Confirm module orientation, access paths, and cable routes.
  • Validate inverter placement against ventilation and service access.
  • Review AC point of connection and protection interface.
  • Agree monitoring points before logger configuration starts.
  • Validate string voltage and current against module, inverter, and site temperature limits.

Selected equipment basis and preliminary compatibility check

This example uses published manufacturer data to make the stringing decision traceable. The products are representative only and are not a procurement selection.

Check Calculated result Limit and disposition
Nominal DC array 136 × 550 W = 74.8 kWp 60 kW AC total; DC/AC ratio 1.247
String Vmp at STC 17 × 41.95 V = 713.2 V Within the 200-1000 V MPPT range
String Vmp at NOCT 17 × 38.97 V = 662.5 V Within range; hot-cell Vmp is project-specific
Cold string Voc at -10°C 952.9 V, including +3% Voc tolerance Below the 1100 V maximum input voltage
Cold string Voc at -40°C 1022.2 V sensitivity check Below 1100 V at the module's lower operating limit
One string per MPPT Imp 13.12 A; adjusted Isc 14.72 A Huawei 24-202401: 20 A/input, 27 A/MPPT; 40 A short-circuit/MPPT

The referenced M3 data sheet specifies 27 A per MPPT. Confirm the supplied equipment revision, site temperatures, protection and grid requirements for the project.

Single-line diagram

Eight strings, two inverters, AC distribution, grid connection and monitoring. Drawing SS-CPV-SLD-001, P06.

Commercial rooftop PV single-line diagram, revision P06

Switch contacts are shown open by drawing convention; they do not record operating state or establish safe isolation. Cable sizes, protective-device ratings, fault duty, RCD requirements, surge protection, export control, and local grid requirements remain project-specific.

Engineering outputs

Initial review package

Design basis

Drawing scope

Rooftop layout markups, string grouping, single-line concept, equipment references, and revision notes.

Equipment schedule

Equipment schedule

PV module count, inverter grouping, protection notes, monitoring hardware, and client review fields.

Commissioning scope

Commissioning scope

Pre-energisation checks, inverter settings review, monitoring validation, and issue log structure.

Equipment schedule snapshot

Item Quantity Notes
LONGi LR5-72HPH-550M module 136 Representative basis: 8 strings of 17 modules
Huawei SUN2000-30KTL-M3 inverter 2 Four strings per inverter, one string per MPPT; exact regional revision requires confirmation
AC protection panel 1 Protection, surge protection, metering, and lockout labelling subject to the approved design
Data logger / gateway 1 Modbus TCP or RTU depending on inverter interface

Monitoring

Monitoring points and operator views

The monitoring scope defines the points, units, quality states, alarms, and operator views needed for operations and fault review.

Dashboard preview

48.6 kWSimulated production
385 VAC voltage
2Open alarms
OnlineLogger state

Data-point schedule

Point ID Signal Validation
P_AC_TOTALAC powerScale, sign, quality
E_DAYDaily energyScale and reset
V_DC_MPPT_1MPPT 1 DC voltageRange and stale data
ALARM_CODEActive alarmOEM code table

The selected inverter OEM documentation must define register address, function code, data type, scaling, byte order, and invalid-data behaviour.

Handover

Closeout records for installation and support teams

Commissioning checklist

DC polarity, approved insulation-resistance test procedure, inverter settings, protection labels, monitoring status, and photo records.

Issue log

Open item, owner, severity, evidence, decision, due date, and closeout note for each commissioning issue.

Remote support notes

Call agenda, screen-share review items, settings changed, alarms cleared, and remaining site actions.

Next step

Discuss a similar project

A project package is developed from verified site information, selected equipment, applicable standards, and agreed review stages.

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